Ion Țuculescu (Craiova, Romania, 1910 – Bucharest, Romania, 1962) was a Romanian Expressionist and abstract painter, although professionally he worked as a biologist and physician. He devoted himself to painting later in life, partly inspired by a visit to Paris in 1937, where he saw a retrospective of Vincent van Gogh.
He showed a strong fascination with the work of Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, as well as with folk art and folklore from his native region. His early works were marked by the influence of figurative Expressionism and by the reinterpretation of themes and motifs from Romanian folklore.
As he gradually moved toward abstract Expressionism, he continued to incorporate decorative elements derived from folk art in southern Romania, while also expanding his repertoire to include oneiric landscapes and evocative portraits.
His work became widely recognized only after his death, when a major exhibition organized at Sala Dalles in Bucharest established him as one of the most important Romanian modern artists of the postwar period, noted for his emotional depth and the diversity of themes he explored.
His works can be found in the collections of the Muzeul de Artă Recentă and the Muzeul de Artă din Craiova, and are regularly exhibited both in Romania and abroad.